Washington (TDI): Pakistan has solidified its position as China’s most significant partner in air combat, according to a Pentagon report submitted to the US Congress this week.
The report highlights China’s growing role as a major global arms supplier, particularly to developing countries, Dawn reported.
As of December 2024, China remained the world’s fourth-largest arms exporter, with state-owned defense firms such as Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) and North Industries Corporation (Norinco) leading its export initiatives. The report notes that Chinese arms exports are closely tied to broader foreign policy goals, including Belt and Road initiatives, and are especially attractive due to competitive pricing and flexible financing.
In the aviation sector, Pakistan stands out as a primary recipient of Chinese combat aircraft. China currently offers three fixed-wing combat aircraft for export: the fifth-generation FC-31 stealth fighter, the fourth-generation J-10C multirole combat aircraft, and the JF-17 Thunder, jointly developed with Pakistan.
Notably, Pakistan is the only country to have received the J-10C, with 20 aircraft delivered to its air force under orders placed since 2020, and a total of 36 aircraft on order. Although other countries, including Egypt, Uzbekistan, Indonesia, Iran, and Bangladesh, have expressed interest, no J-10C exports beyond Pakistan have been finalized.
The report also highlights the JF-17 program as a successful model of defense collaboration between two developing countries. The aircraft is operational in Azerbaijan, Myanmar, and Nigeria, while Iraq is reportedly in discussions to acquire it. For Pakistan, the JF-17 remains a cornerstone of its air force and a key defense export product.
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In addition to manned aircraft, China has supplied Pakistan with advanced strike-capable unmanned aerial vehicles, such as the Caihong and Wing Loong series, which have also been exported to other countries, reflecting China’s expanding presence in the global UAV market.
Beyond aviation, China exports a wide array of military equipment across land, air defense, and naval domains. Pakistan has long been a recipient of Chinese naval platforms, including four frigates delivered in 2017 and 2018, and is expected to remain a core partner as China expands its naval exports in coming years.
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The Pentagon assessment attributes China’s global arms appeal to affordable pricing, flexible financing, and minimal political conditions. For Pakistan, the defense relationship with China extends beyond procurement to joint development, production, and long-term strategic cooperation, underscoring a mature and enduring partnership.
