Muhammad Asif Noor
Nestled in the rugged mountains of Sichuan Province, Jianmen Pass is more than just a scenic spot; it’s a gateway to China’s rich history, culture, and natural beauty.
Located in Jiange County, Jianmen Pass is in Guangyuan City in Sichuan province. It is a marvel that has captivated the hearts of travellers and historians alike.
As I stood at the foot of this formidable pass, I could almost hear the whispers of ancient warriors and the echoes of battles that once determined the fate of empires.
Jinamen Pass is like a natural fortress defined by its towering cliffs, with steep, sword-like peaks reaching into the clouds. The pass itself, stretching around 500 meters (about 547 yards) through deep valleys, is adorned with impressive stone inscriptions like “No. 1 Pass” and “The Most Magnificent Pass in China,” reflecting its historical significance and awe-inspiring presence.
The area is crisscrossed with ancient mountain paths and plank roads, originally built against the sheer cliffs to facilitate the movement of soldiers and military supplies.
In addition to the pass itself, several nearby attractions enhance the historical and cultural experience. These include Jiange Pass, Jiange Post House, Seventy-Two Peaks, and Small Sword Hill, each offering a unique perspective on the region’s rich past.
The Strategic Heart of Sichuan
Jianmen Pass is not just a natural wonder; it’s a strategic stronghold that has played a pivotal role in Chinese history. The towering cliffs that frame this pass form a natural barrier, creating a narrow, impregnable passageway that has been fiercely defended for centuries.
The phrase “One man guards the pass, and ten thousand cannot break through” perfectly captures the essence of this place. It’s no wonder that control of Jianmen Pass was considered vital for anyone wishing to secure Sichuan Province.
The history of Jianmen Pass stretches back to 316 BCE, during the Warring States period when the Qin army first marched through this area.
Later, during the Three Kingdoms period, the pass gained even greater prominence. The Shu general Jiang Wei famously defended Jianmen against a massive invasion by 130,000 Wei soldiers, solidifying its reputation as an impenetrable fortress.
As I walked through the pass, I couldn’t help but imagine the sheer determination and courage it must have taken to hold this ground against such overwhelming odds.
The Legacy of Zhuge Liang and the Shu Han Kingdom
No visit to Jianmen Pass would be complete without paying homage to Zhuge Liang, the legendary strategist of the Shu Han Kingdom. Known for his wisdom and foresight, Zhuge Liang recognized the strategic importance of the Jianmen Pass and fortified it to protect his kingdom from northern invasions.
Standing atop the Jianmen Pass Tower, which has been faithfully reconstructed based on designs from the Ming and Qing dynasties, I felt a deep connection to the past.
The tower, rising 19.34 metres high, offers a commanding view of the surrounding landscape, allowing me to appreciate the genius of Zhuge Liang’s defensive strategies.
The tower’s inscriptions, “Chang’an in Sight” and “The Mighty Pass of the World,” capture the significance of this place. Chang’an, the ancient capital, might seem distant, but from this vantage point, one can almost imagine seeing it on the horizon.
The phrase “Mighty Pass of the World” is a fitting tribute to the grandeur and historical importance of Jianmen Pass, a place where the past is etched into every stone.
A Journey Through Time and Culture
A key feature of Jianmen Pass is the Memorial Hall of Jiang Wei, a celebrated general from the Shu Kingdom (221-263 AD), who was honored with the title Ping Xiang Hou.
As I continued my exploration, I came across statues of Liu Bei and Jiang Wei, two figures deeply connected to Jianmen Pass. Liu Bei, the first emperor of Shu Han, passed through this pass to establish his rule over Sichuan.
First constructed during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), the memorial hall is divided into a front and backyard, with a Sitting Statue of Jiang Wei located in the backyard.
The Jianmen Pass Scenic Area also hosts other notable sites related to Jiang Wei, such as the Jiang Wei Appointing Troops Terrace, Jiang Wei’s Tomb, and Jiang Wei Spring, each highlighting different aspects of his military legacy.
His journey through Jianmen was more than just a passage; it was a turning point in his rise to power. Meanwhile, Jiang Wei’s statue embodies the spirit of resilience and sacrifice that defines Jianmen Pass. Despite overwhelming odds, his steadfast defense of this pass turned this mountain into a symbol of courage and perseverance.
Nearby, a granite relief vividly depicts scenes from the Three Kingdoms era, showing the logistical and military efforts that passed through Jianmen.
From musicians boosting troop morale to Zhuge Liang commanding his army, these panels bring to life the challenges and triumphs of those who once walked these paths. Jianmen Pass was a military stronghold and a crucial logistics hub during Zhuge Liang’s northern expeditions, channeling resources from the fertile lands of Sichuan to the front lines.
The Natural Beauty of Jianmen Pass
Beyond its historical significance, Jianmen Pass is a place of breathtaking natural beauty. Each season offers a unique experience. In spring, the air is filled with the twitter of birds and the fragrance of flowers, making it a perfect time for nature lovers.
Summer brings a comfortably cool atmosphere, turning Jianmen into an ideal summer resort.
Autumn, with its mountains covered in clouds, creates an almost mystical ambiance, as if you’ve stepped into a fairyland. And in winter, the peaks are blanketed in silvery white, offering a serene and tranquil escape.
As I hiked through the pass, gliding above the rugged terrain, I experienced an unforgettable adventure. The landscape unfolded beneath me like a living painting.
Hiking through the pass is equally rewarding for those who prefer a more grounded approach, though a pair of comfortable shoes is essential for navigating the steep steps.
Other notable spots within the Jianmen Pass Scenic Area include the Memorial Hall of the Red Army Conquering Jianmen Pass, Jianmen Pass Guarding Bridge, Golden Ox Valley, Precipice Corridor, Emperor Passing Cave, and the Jianmen Pass Geological Museum.
Visitors can also enjoy a modern touch with a 4D cinema that screens the film Jianmen God Bird, which narrates a legendary tale associated with the pass.
These attractions collectively make Jianmen Pass not just a site of natural beauty, but also a place rich in historical, cultural, and spiritual significance, offering a deep and immersive experience for all who visit.
The Culinary Delights of Jianmen
No journey is complete without indulging in the local cuisine, and Jianmen Pass is no exception. The area is famous for its Jianmen tofu, a delicacy that has become a hallmark of Chinese cuisine. With over 100 different dishes crafted from tofu, using techniques like frying, stewing, steaming, and braising, there’s something to satisfy every palate. Jianmen dried tofu, in particular, is a popular snack that you simply cannot miss.
A Place to Stay and Reflect
After a day of exploration, finding a place to rest is essential. Jianmen Pass offers several farmhouses that provide dining and lodging, each with its own unique charm.
As I sat after a wonderful trip to the memories of history and culture while gazing out at the moonlit peaks of Jianmen, I couldn’t help but reflect on the countless stories that have unfolded in this remarkable place.
From ancient battles to the quiet persistence of nature, Jianmen Pass is a testament to the enduring spirit of history and culture.
It’s a place where the past and present intertwine, offering visitors a chance to step back in time while enjoying the serene beauty of the natural world.
If you ever find yourself in Sichuan, a visit to Jianmen Pass is not only recommended but essential.
*The writer is Editor-In-Chief of The Diplomatic Insight and Director of the Centre for BRI and China Studies at the Institute of Peace and Diplomatic Studies. The writer is currently in China for the 2024 Media Cooperation Forum on Belt and Road, organised by People’s Daily.
