Baku (TDI): Climate negotiations at the COP29 summit in Baku entered a critical phase as delegates worked to finalize a new climate finance framework and address key urban and environmental challenges.
Discussions revolved around the immense financial needs of developing nations, estimated to run into trillions of dollars, for adapting to the adverse impacts of climate change.
Disagreements persisted over the source of these funds, whether from governments, multilateral institutions, or the private sector.
Amid the negotiations, high-level talks spotlighted the impact of rapid urbanization on global emissions and the disproportionate climate vulnerabilities faced by cities.
A recent UN-Habitat report revealed that urban populations could experience a temperature rise of at least 0.5°C by 2040.
Addressing a ministerial meeting, Anaclaudia Rossbach, Executive Director of UN-Habitat, highlighted the construction sector’s contribution to 40% of global greenhouse gas emissions and underscored the need for enhanced funding to mitigate urban climate risks.
“Social and housing needs are vast. To address these twin challenges, we must prioritize sustainable urban development,” she said.
Separately, UNEP reported a concerning 1.3% rise in global emissions in 2023, underscoring the need for more ambitious commitments.
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UNEP Executive Director Inger Andersen noted that 52% of emissions are concentrated in just 25 megacities, urging local leaders to adopt transformative policies in energy efficiency, waste management, and public transport.
Tourism Sector Discussed
For the first time, the tourism sector was formally discussed at COP, with calls for reducing its carbon footprint.
Andersen emphasized the dual role of tourism as both a victim of and contributor to climate change, urging the sector to adapt responsibly.
On the financial front, delegates debated the allocation of funds to vulnerable nations.
Cedric Schuster, chair of the Alliance of Small Island States, demanded specific annual minimums: $39 billion for small island nations and $220 billion for least developed countries.
“This is not charity,” said Sierra Leone’s Minister of Environment Jiwoh Abdulai, stressing the notion of “climate debt” owed by wealthier nations.
The talks also explored the contentious classification of “developing countries,” with some negotiators questioning the inclusion of economically advanced nations like China and Gulf states.
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UNFCCC official Cecilia Kinuthia-Njenga called for flexibility and cooperation, reminding delegates that multilateral negotiations require compromise.
As the talks near their conclusion, the outcome in Baku is expected to shape global climate finance strategies and set the course for a fairer, more sustainable future.
